| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Dried Food Berries dried and used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Soup Berries dried, boiled with roots and eaten as soup. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of whole plant and velvet leaf blueberry taken to bring menstruation. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antidiarrheal Fruit mixed with grease and used for children with diarrhea. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of stems & blueberry stem taken to prevent miscarriage without causing damage to the baby. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of stems and blueberry stems taken to speed a woman's recovery after childbirth. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gynecological Aid Roots and several other herbs used to slow excessive menstrual bleeding. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Fruit mixed with grease and used for children with diarrhea. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fruit cooked in grease, pounded, mixed with raw fish eggs and eaten. Approximate proportions of ingredients were 1 tablespoon grease, 1 1/2 cups fruit and 2 tablespoons whitefish eggs separated from the adhering membranes. A little sugar was added for flavor. After the fruits were lightly cooked in grease, they were pounded until they were crumbly. They were then placed in a heavy cloth folded to make a sack and pounded with the back of an axe head. The fish eggs moistened the pounded fruit. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked in a pipe. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Crow Drug, Oral Aid Leaves pulverized and powder used for canker sores of the mouth. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Fruit Berries cooked and eaten. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Arctic Other, Smoke Plant Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries and oil eaten with dry meat. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries eaten with salmon eggs, to prevent the eggs from sticking to the teeth. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Ice Cream Berries stored in bear fat and cracklings or in seal oil and used to make ice cream. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in seal oil, fish oil or rendered bear fat. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of pulverized leaves used for burns. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Drug, Ear Medicine Smoke from leaves used for earache. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Berries dried, powdered and used as a condiment with deer liver. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Brown Berries used to make a gray-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Great Basin Indian Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Heiltzuk Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked like tobacco. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hesquiat Other, Smoke Plant Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Drug, Unspecified Leaves smoked as medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves smoked during religious ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Jemez Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Keresan Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kimsquit Food, Dried Food Berries formerly dried, boiled, mixed with boiled dumplings and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Koyukon Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in grease or oil and eaten with fish or meat. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kwakiutl Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked as a narcotic. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit Dry, mealy berries formerly used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Lakota Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as tobacco. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Other, Cash Crop Leaves dried and sold. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Dried leaves used as a seasoner to make certain female remedies taste good. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 35 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Dried Food Fruit eaten fresh and dried. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Soup Berries boiled and used to make a broth. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Berries eaten raw or fried during famines. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |